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SPIRIT 2025 Explanation and Elaboration

The SPIRIT 2025 Explanation and Elaboration document describes the rationale and scientific background for each SPIRIT 2025 checklist item and provides published examples of good reporting.

 

Read ​the SPIRIT 2025 E&E in BMJ

Cite as: Hróbjartsson A, Boutron I, Hopewell S, Moher D, Schulz KF, Collins GS, et al. SPIRIT 2025 explanation and elaboration: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. BMJ. 2025; [xx.xx. doi: XXXXXXXXXX]

 

View online (click on the link below):

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The 2025 update of SPIRIT and CONSORT, and this website, are funded by the MRC-NIHR: Better Methods, Better Research [MR/W020483/1]. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, the MRC, or the Department of Health and Social Care.

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